Local Setup (kind / minikube)

# ===== 1. kubectl =====
# macOS:
brew install kubectl

# Linux:
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
sudo install -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

# Windows (winget):
winget install --id Kubernetes.kubectl -e

# Verify:
kubectl version --client --output=yaml

# ===== 2. Pick a local cluster =====
# kind (Kubernetes in Docker) -- light, fast, multi-node
# Install: brew install kind        | go install sigs.k8s.io/kind@latest
kind create cluster --name dev

# minikube -- single-node, addons (ingress, dashboard, metrics-server)
brew install minikube
minikube start --driver=docker --cpus=4 --memory=6g

# k3d (k3s in Docker) -- very small, multi-node-ish
brew install k3d
k3d cluster create dev --servers 1 --agents 2

# Docker Desktop -- bundled. Enable in Settings -> Kubernetes -> Enable.
# Easiest, but slower to start and harder to inspect.

# ===== 3. Verify =====
kubectl cluster-info
kubectl get nodes -o wide
# NAME              STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
# dev-control-plane Ready    control-plane   1m    v1.30.3

# Run a smoke pod:
kubectl run hello --image=ghcr.io/oci/hello-world:latest --restart=Never
kubectl wait --for=condition=ready pod/hello --timeout=60s
kubectl logs hello
kubectl delete pod hello

# ===== 4. The kubeconfig =====
# Default: ~/.kube/config
# Each kind/k3d/minikube cluster writes a context here.
kubectl config get-contexts
kubectl config use-context kind-dev
kubectl config current-context

# Switch shortcut:
kubectl config use-context minikube

# ===== 5. Quality-of-life tools =====
# kubectx + kubens   -- fast context/namespace switching
brew install kubectx
kubectx                # list / pick a context
kubens                 # list / pick a namespace

# k9s -- terminal UI dashboard
brew install k9s
k9s

# stern -- multi-pod log tailing
brew install stern
stern -n default '.*'

# ===== 6. Test deploy =====
cat <<'YAML' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector: { matchLabels: { app: nginx } }
  template:
    metadata: { labels: { app: nginx } }
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.27-alpine
          ports: [{ containerPort: 80 }]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: { name: nginx }
spec:
  selector: { app: nginx }
  ports: [{ port: 80 }]
  type: ClusterIP
YAML

kubectl get deploy,svc -l app=nginx
kubectl port-forward svc/nginx 8080:80
# Visit http://localhost:8080

kubectl delete deploy nginx svc nginx

# ===== Patterns to internalise =====
# - kubectl + kind is the smallest working environment; reach for it before EKS/GKE
# - Treat kubeconfig contexts seriously; one prod context lives in a different file or vault
# - kubectx/kubens/k9s save real time once you do this 5+ times a day
# - Run a smoke deploy after install; do not trust 'kubectl version' alone

# ===== Pitfalls =====
# - 'I have multiple kubeconfigs and now everything is the wrong context' -> KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/dev.yaml
# - Using minikube on Apple Silicon without --driver=docker -> arch mismatch
# - Forgetting --restart=Never on kubectl run -> creates a Deployment for a one-shot
# - Dashboard exposed without auth on a shared machine

# Local: kind / minikube / k3d / Docker Desktop.
# Managed: EKS / GKE / AKS.
kind create cluster