References (APA 7)
References lend credibility to your manuscript and let readers verify your claims. Most Philippine CS and IS programmes use APA 7. This lesson covers what to cite, how to format, and how to avoid the chronic mistakes.
APA 7 Quick Reference
Source Type Format Journal article Author, A. (Year). Title. *Journal*, vol(issue), pages. https://doi.org/... Book Author, A. (Year). *Title* (ed.). Publisher. Edited chapter Author, A. (Year). Chapter. In B. Editor (Ed.), *Book* (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. Website Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title. Site. URL Online govt report Agency. (Year). *Title* (Report No.). Publisher. URL Conference paper Author, A. (Year). Title. *Proceedings*, pages. https://doi.org/...
In-text Citation Basics
Situation Example 1 author (Cruz, 2024) 2 authors (Cruz & Reyes, 2024) 3+ authors (Cruz et al., 2024) Same author, same year (Cruz, 2024a; Cruz, 2024b) No date (Cruz, n.d.) Group author (Department of Information and Communications Technology [DICT], 2024)
Mechanics That Lose Marks
Inconsistent date format - APA uses (Year), not (Year, Month).
Missing italics on journal and book titles.
URLs without https://.
Mixing reference styles - pick one and stay consistent.
References listed in the bibliography but never cited in text.
Citations in text without a matching entry in references.
Reference Hygiene Tools
Tool Strength Zotero Free, browser plugin, group libraries Mendeley Reference manager, PDF annotation EndNote Mature, institutional access Google Scholar Cite Quick copy, manual fixes still needed MS Word References tab Built-in, basic styles only
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