Some programmes accept a research-only capstone instead of a built system. The structure is similar but the centre of gravity shifts from development to inquiry. This lesson contrasts the two paths.
Research-Only vs System-Built Capstone
Dimension
System-Built
Research-Only
Centre of gravity
Working software
Empirical finding
Chapter 3
SDLC, architecture
Research design, instruments
Chapter 4
Test results, acceptance
Statistical findings, themes
Evidence
Artefacts plus data
Data and analysis
Defence
Demo plus narrative
Narrative only
Common Research Designs
Design
When To Use
Descriptive survey
Map current practice
Comparative
Two groups, one variable
Correlational
Relationship between variables
Quasi-experimental
Cause-effect without random assignment
Mixed-methods
Numbers plus interviews
Case study
Deep understanding of one context
Instruments
Instrument
Use
Survey
Reach many respondents
Interview
Depth on a few
Observation
Behaviour, not opinion
Document analysis
Existing records
Focus group
Group dynamics
Validity And Reliability
Concern
Check
Content validity
Expert review of instrument
Construct validity
Map to theoretical framework
Internal validity
Control of variables
External validity
Sampling and generalisability
Reliability
Cronbach's alpha, test-retest
Trustworthiness (qualitative)
Member checking, audit trail
Defence Differences
Expect more methodological questions, less demo.
Bring printouts of your statistical output.
Be ready to defend sample size and sampling technique.
Expect the panel to probe ethics clearance more closely.
Discussion
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